Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 causing COVID-19 viral infection was first reported in late December 2019, spreading swiftly across all over the world. WHO declared it a pandemic by March 2020. Many problems emerged worldwide healthcare system and economic burden due to viral outbreak. High transmission rate and infectious nature make COVID-19 pandemic. Effectively managing outbreak and controlling spread is challenging. Despite valiant efforts to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, the situation has deteriorated to the point that there were no viable preventive therapies to treat this disease. Developing effective treatment for COVID-19 has been a complex and ongoing endeavor. Objective The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the structure, epidemiology, pathophysiology, potential therapeutic treatments, and preventive measures adopted in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Methods A systematic methodology has been adopted in this study following PRISMA guidelines. Several keywords like “COVID-19” “SARS-CoV-2” “Coronavirus” and “Traditional Chinese Medicine” were searched in various databases like ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate during the time span of 2010 – 2023. Clinical trials and studies relevant to this study were identified through a systematic search strategy following PRISMA methodology. Results In this systematic review, after careful evaluation and reviewing of literature through PRISMA guidelines, 145 relevant studies were identified, reviewed and included in this systematic review. A detailed study has been summarized on virus structure, etiology, epidemiology characteristics, pathophysiology, and potential therapeutic treatments and preventive measures adopted in traditional medicinal system in the treatment of infected COVID-19 patients. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics and pathogenesis were revealed by the etiology analysis. COVID-19 symptoms and severe disease outcomes can be managed with certain repurposed drugs, traditional medicinal system and antivirals, which have been shown to be effective in treating COVID-19 infection.